Proper chemical storage is essential to prevent accidents, fires, explosions, and exposure to toxic substances. It's crucial for maximizing personal safety and ensuring compliance with regulations. Here's an overview of best practices:
Segregation of Incompatible Chemicals
- Never store incompatible chemicals together. Mixing could cause violent reactions in case of an incident.
- Segregate chemicals based on hazard class, such as flammable liquids, organic acids, and oxidizers.
- Oxidizers, for example, need to be kept away from flammable, combustible, and water-reactive materials.
- Acids and bases should be stored separately.
- Segregation can be achieved using labeled cabinets, secondary containment, and designated areas.
Proper Storage Cabinets and Containers
- Use chemical storage cabinets designed to safely contain spills, reduce fume exposure, and act as a physical barrier.
- Store flammable and combustible liquids in flammable storage cabinets.
- Corrosive substances require cabinets made of resistant materials.
- Choose containers compatible with the chemicals they hold; for instance, strong acids should be in glass or specific plastics, while flammable solvents are best in metal.
Storage Location and Setup
- Store chemicals in a safe, secure, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and egress pathways.
- Shelves should be level, stable, secured to the wall, and have raised edges to prevent containers from falling.
- Avoid storing chemicals on floors, window ledges, or balconies.
- Hazardous chemicals should be stored below eye level.
- Use secondary containment for liquids to prevent spills from reaching drains or walkways.
- Ensure adequate lighting and ventilation in storage areas.
Labeling and Inventory
- All chemical containers must be clearly labeled with the chemical composition, hazard warnings, and manufacturer information.
- Labels need to be legible and unobstructed. Replace labels as needed.
- Maintain an up-to-date inventory of hazardous chemicals.
Employee Training and Awareness
- Employees handling chemicals should receive training on hazard recognition, emergency procedures, proper storage unit use, and understanding Safety Data Sheets (SDSs).
- Conduct regular inspections of storage areas to check for issues like leaks, damaged containers, and proper segregation.
- Regularly remove expired chemicals, as they can degrade and become hazardous.
Spill Prevention and Incident Response
- Implement measures to prevent spills during liquid transfer, such as using drip pans.
- Have a spill response plan and ensure employees are trained on responding to spills.
- Use appropriate spill containment equipment, such as spill pallets and absorbents.
- Emergency showers and eyewashes should be readily accessible in areas where hazardous chemicals are stored or used.